Indian Geography | Indian Topology
- India is the 7th largest country in the world with an area of 3287263 sq km, which is 2.42% of world’s area.
- India is the second most populous country in the world with a population of 1.21 billion (2011), which is 17.44% of the world’s population.
- Indian sub-continent is located in the Northern and Eastern hemisphere.
- India shares longest boundary with Bangladesh (4096 km), followed by China (3488 km), Pakistan (3323 km), Nepal (1751 km), Myanmar (1643 km), Bhutan (699 km) and Afghanistan (106 km).
- In India, the Tropic of Cancer (23°5 N latitude) passes through 8 States (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattishgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram).
- Islands Andaman and Nicobar Island group in the Bay of Bengal: Lakshadweep, island group in the Arabian Sea.
- Indian Standard Time (IST) The 82°30’E longitude is taken as the Standard Meridian of India, as it passes through middle of India (from Naini, near Allahabad).
- The 82°30’E Meridian also decided the time in Sri Lanka and Nepal.
- On the South-East, the Gulf of Mannar and the palk Strait seperates India from Sri Lanka.
Table of Contents
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY: Basic Information
| Latitudinal extent | 8°64′ North to 37^6′ North |
| Longitudinal extent | 68°7′ East to 97^25′ East |
| North-South extent | 3214 km |
| East-West extent | 2933 km |
| Land Frontiers | 15200 km |
| Total Coastline | 7516.6 km |
| Number of States | 28 |
| Number of Union Territories | 8 |
| Land Neighbours-7 | Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan |
| States with Longest Coastline | Gujarat |
| Active Volcano | Barren Island in Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| Southernmost point | Indira Point or Pygmalion point in Great Nicobar |
| Southernmost most tip of mainland | Kanyakumari |
| Northernmost point | Indira Col |
| Westernmost point | West of Guhar Mota in Gujarat |
| Easternmost point | Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh |
Indian States Situated on the Border
| Country(no.) | The Indian States Sharing their Borders |
| Pakistan(5) | Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Ladakh, and Jammu & Kashmir |
| Afghanistan(1) | Ladakh |
| China(5) | Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh |
| Nepal(5) | Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim |
| Bangladesh(5) | West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram |
| Bhutan(4) | Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh |
Do read: Largest, Highest, Longest of India | Superlatives of India
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What is the latitudinal extent of India?
The latitudinal extent of India is 8°64′ North to 37^6′ North.
What is the longitudinal extent of India?
The longitudinal extent of India is 68°7′ East to 97^25′ East.
What is the Southernmost point of India?
Indira Point or Pygmalion point in Great Nicobar
Which Indian States share their borders with Pakistan?
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Ladakh, and Jammu & Kashmir share their borders with Pakistan.
Which Indian States share their borders with Bangladesh?
West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram share their borders with Bangladesh.
