The Union of India | Indian Federal Union
India is the 7th largest and 2nd populous country in the world. It is a South Asian country and is officially known as the Republic of India. It is a federal union of states and union territories. The country is divided into 28 States and 8 centrally administered Union Territories for administration purposes as it gets very difficult to manage a large country from one center. Hence, the Indian Constitution gives the right to the central government to give states the right to function accordingly. Each state of India has an administrative, judicial, and legislative capital for central control and folding authority. Every state is ruled by a head known as Chief Minister.
The Union of India
State Symbols
Every state/UT holds its own symbols for its representation. Many are listed below with their official symbols.
1. Andhra Pradesh (AP)
Chief Minister: YS Jagan Mohan Reddy
Governor: Biswabhushan Harichandan
Capital: Amaravati
Chief Languages: Telugu, Urdu, Banjara
Animal: Blackbuck (Antilope Cervicapra)
Bird: Rose-ringed Parakeet
Trees: Margosa (Azadirachta Indica) Neem
Flowers: Jasmine (Jasminium Officinale)
2. Arunachal Pradesh (AR)
Chief Minister: Pema Khandu
Governor: Br. B. D. Mishra
Capital: Itanagar
Chief Languages: Sino Tibetan languages
Animal: Gayal (Bos Frontalis)
Bird: Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis)
Trees: Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus)
Flowers: Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedioideae)
3. Asom (AS)
Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
Governor: Jagdish Mukhi
Capital: Dispur
Chief Languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Karbi
Animal: One-horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis)
Bird: White-winged Wood Duck (Cairina scutulata)
Trees: Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus)
Flowers: Foxtail Orchids (Rhynchostylis gigantea)
4. Bihar (BR)
Chief Minister: Nitish Kumar
Governor: Phagu Chauhan
Capital: Patna
Chief Languages: Hindi, Urdu, Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili
Animal: Gaur (Bos gaurus)
Bird: House Sparrow (Passer Domesticus)
Trees: Sacred Fig (Ficus religiosa)
Flowers: White Orchid tree (Bauhinia acuminata)
5. Chhattisgarh
Chief Minister: Bhupesh Baghel
Governor: Anusuiya Uikey
Capital: Raipr
Chief Languages: Chhattisgarhi, Hindi
Animal: Wild Buffalo (B. bubalis arnee)
Bird: Bastar Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa)
Trees: Sal (Shorea robusta)
6. Goa (GA)
Chief Minister: Arvind Kejriwal
Governor: PS Sreedharan Pillai
Capital: Panaji
Chief Languages: Konkani, Marathi
Animal: Gaur (Bos gaurus)
Bird: Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus gularis)
Trees: Asna (Terminalia elliptica)
7. Gujarat (GJ)
Chief Minister: Bhupendra Patel
Governor: Acharya Devvrat
Capital: Gandhinagar
Chief Languages: Gujarati
Animal: Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)
Bird: Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus)
Trees: Mango (Mangifera Indica)
Flowers: Marigold (Tagetes erecta)
8. Haryana (HR)
Chief Minister: Manohar Lal
Governor: Bandaru Dattatreya
Capital: Chandigarh
Chief Languages: Hindi, Punjabi
Animal: Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)
Bird: Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus)
Trees: Peepal (Ficus religiosa)
Flowers: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
9. Himachal Pradesh (HP)
Chief Minister: Jairam Thakur
Governor: Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
Capital: Shimla
Known as the Fruit Bowl of India
Chief Languages: Pahari, Hindi, Punjabi, Kinnauri
Animal: Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia)
Bird: Jujurana/Western Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus)
Trees: Deodar (Cedrus deodara)
Flowers: Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum)
10. Jharkhand (JH)
Chief Minister: Hemant Soren
Governor: Ramesh Bais
Capital: Ranchi
Chief Languages: Hindi, Urdu, Kurmati, Santhali, Kurukh, Mundari, Khariya, Malto, Nagpuria, Bengali
Animal: Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)
Bird: Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea)
Trees: Sal(Shorea robusta)
Flowers: Parrot Tree (Butea monosperma)
11. Karnataka (KA)
Chief Minister: Basavaraj Bommai
Governor: Thawar Chand Gehlot
Capital: Bengaluru
Chief Languages: Kannada
Animal: Indian Elephant (Elephas Maximus indicus)
Bird: Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis)
Trees: Sandalwood (Santalum album)
Flowers: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
12. Kerala (KL)
Chief Minister: Pinarayi Vijayan
Governor: Arif Mohammed Khan
Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
Chief Languages: Malayalam
Animal: Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)
Bird: Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis)
Trees: Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
Flowers: Golden Shower (Cassia fistula
13. Madhya Pradesh (MP)
Chief Minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan
Governor: Mangubhai Chaganbhai Patel
Capital: Bhopal
Chief Languages: Hindi
Animal: Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelli)
Bird: Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi)
Trees: Banyan (Ficus benghalensis)
Flowers: Parrot Tree (Butea monosperma)
14. Maharashtra (MH)
Chief Minister: Uddhav Thackeray
Governor: Bhagat Singh Koshyari
Capital: Mumbai
Chief Languages: Marathi
Animal: Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica)
Bird: Yellow-footed Green Pigeon (reron phoenicoptera)
Trees: Mango (Mangifera Indica)
Flowers: Jarul (Lagerstroemia speciosa)
15. Manipur (MN)
Chief Minister: N. Biren Singh
Governor: Shri. La. Ganesan
Capital: Imphal
Chief Languages: Manipuri
Animal: Sangai (Cervus eldi eldi)
Bird: Mrs. Hume’s {heasant (Syrmaticus humiae)
Trees: Indian Mahogany (Toona ciliata)
Flowers: Siroi Lily (Lilium mackliniae)
16. Meghalaya (ML)
Chief Minister: Conrad Kongkai Sangma
Governor: Satya Pal Malik
Capital: Shillong
Chief Languages: Garo, Khasi, English
Animal: Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
Bird: Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa)
Trees: White teak (Gmelina arborea)
Flowers: Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedioideae)
17. Mizoram (MZ)
Chief Minister: Pu Zoramthanga
Governor: Dr. Kambhampati Haribabu
Capital: Aizawl
Chief Languages: Mizo, Kuki and English
Animal: Himalayan Serow (Saza)
Bird: Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae)
Trees: Iron Wood (Mesua ferrea)
Flowers: Red Vanda
18. Nagaland (NL)
Chief Minister: Neiphiu Rio
Governor: R. N. Ravi
Capital: Kohima
Chief Languages: Angami, Konyak, Sema, Chakhesang
Animal: Gaur (Bos gaurus)
Bird: Blyth’s Tragopan (Tragopan blythii)
Trees: Alder
Flowers: Rhododendron
19. Odisha (OR)
Chief Minister: Naveen Patnaik
Governor: Prof. Ganeshi Lal Mathur
Capital: Bhubaneswar
Chief Languages: Odiya (Oriya)
Animal: Sambar (Rusa unicolor)
Bird: Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis)
Trees: Ashwatha (Ficus religiosa)
Flowers: Ashoka (Saraca asoca)
20. Punjab (PB)
Chief Minister: Bhagwant Singh Mann
Governor: Shri Banwarilal Purohit
Capital: Chandigarh
Chief Languages: Punjabi
Animal: Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)
Bird: Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)
Trees: Indian Rosewood
Flowers: Shisham
21. Rajasthan (RJ)
Chief Minister: Ashok Gehlot
Governor: Kalraj Mishra
Capital: Jaipur
Chief Languages: Rajasthani, Hindi, Gujarati
Animal: Camel, Chinkara (Gazella bennetti)
Bird: Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps)
Trees: Khejri (Prosopis cineraria)
Flowers: Rohira (Tecomella undulata)
22. Sikkim (SK)
Chief Minister: PS Golay
Governor: Ganga Prasad
Capital: Gangtok
Chief Languages: Nepali, Lepcha, Bhutia and Limbu
Animal: Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)
Bird: Blood Pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus)
Trees: Rhododendron (Rhododendron Niveum)
Flowers: Noble Orchid (Cymbidium goeringii)
23. Tamil nadu (TN)
Chief Minister: M. K. Stalin
Governor: Banwarilal Purohit
Capital: Chennai
Chief Languages: Tamil
Animal: Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius)
Bird: Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica)
Trees: Palmyra Palm (Borassus)
Flowers: Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba)
24. Telangana (TG)
Chief Minister: K Chandrasekhar Rao
Governor: Dr Tamilisai Soundararajan
Capital: Hyderabad
Chief Languages: Telugu
Animal: Jinka (Spotted Deer)
Bird: Indian Roller (Pala Pitta or Blue Jay)
Trees: Jammi Chettu (Prosopis Cineraria)
Flowers: Tangedu Puvvu (Tanner’s Cassia)
25. Tripura (TR)
Chief Minister: Biplab Kumar Deb
Governor: Satyadev narayan Arya
Capital: Agartala
Chief Languages: Bengali, Kokborak and Manipuri
Animal: Phayre’s Langur (Trachypithecus phayrei)
Bird: Green Imperial Pigeon
Trees: Agar (Gelidium amansii)
Flowers: Nag Kesar (Mesua ferrea)
26. Uttarakhand (UT)
Governor: Baby Rani Maurya
Capital: Dehradun
Chief Languages: Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni
Animal: Musk Deer (Moschidae)
Bird: Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus)
Trees: Burans (Rhododendron arboreum)
Flowers: Brahma Kamal (Saussurea obvallata)
27. Uttar Pradesh (UP)
Chief Minister: Yogi Aditya Nath
Governor: Anandiben Patel
Capital: Lucknow
Chief Languages: Hindi and Urdu
Animal: Swamp Deer (Rucervus duvaucelli)
Bird: Sarus Crane (Grus antigone)
Trees: Ashoka Tree (Saraca asoca)
Flowers: Palash (Butea monosperma)
28. West Bengal (WB)
Chief Minister: Mamta Banerjee
Governor: Jagdeep Dhankar
Capital: Kolkata
Chief Languages: Bengali
Animal: Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus)
Bird: White-breastes Kingfisher (Halycon smyrnesis)
Trees: Devil Tree (Alstonia scholaris)
Flowers: Night-flowering Jasmine (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis)
Union Territories
1.Jammu and Kashmir
Capital: Srinagar
Governor: Manoj Sinha (Lieutenant Governor)
Chief Languages: Urdu, Kashmiri, Dogri, Pahari, Ladakhi, Punjabi, Dadri
Animal: Kashmir Stag (Cervus elephus hanglu)
Bird: Black-necked Crane (Grus Nigricollis)
Trees: Chinar Tree (Platanus oreintalis)
Flowers: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
2. Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Governor: Devendra Kumar Joshi
Capital: Port Blair
Chief Languages: Local Dialects, Nicobarese, Bengali, Hindi, Nicobarese, Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam
Animal: Dugong or Sea Cow)
Bird: Andaman Wood Pigeon (Columba Palumboides)
Trees: Andaman Padauk
3. Chandigarh
Governor: V. P. Singh Badnore
Capital: Chandigarh
Chief Languages: Hindi, Punjabi, English
Animal: Indian Grey Mongose
Bird: Indian Grey Hornbil
Trees: Mango Tree
Flowers: Dhak Flower
4. Delhi (NCT)
Governor: Anil Baijal
Capital: New Delhi
Chief Languages: Hindi, English, Urdu and Punjabi
Animal: Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
Bird: House Sparrow (Passer Domesticus)
5. Lakshadweep
Governor: Praful Patel
Capital: Kavaratti
Chief Languages: Pahari, Hindi, Punjabi, Kinnauri
Animal: Butterfly Fish (Chaetodon decussatus)
Bird: Noddy Tern
Trees: Bread Fruit (Artocarpus incisa)
6. Puducherry
Governor: Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan
Capital: Pondicherry
Chief Languages: Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, English and French
Animal: Squirrel (Funambulus palmarum)
Bird: Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus)
Trees: Bael Fruit Tree (Aegle marmelos)
Flowers: Cannonball Tree’s Flower
7. Daman & Diu (DD)
Capital: Daman
Chief Languages: Gujarati, Hindi
8. Dadar & Nagar Haveli (DN)
Governor: Praful Patel
Capital: Daman
Chief Languages: Bhili, Gujarati, Bhilodi, Marathi and Hindi
Also Check: The Federal Structure of India | Timeline of World History
